SU Student Research Conference (SUSRC)

Salisbury University

More info: https://www.salisbury.edu/administration/academic-affairs/graduate-studies-and-research/ourca/conferences/susrc/

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Show posters with Recorded Presentation

Efficacy of a visual and auditory sensory stimulation program for people with mild cognitive impairment: A Proposal

Andrea Jaramillo

Abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a progressive condition that occurs predominately in individuals over 75 years of age that, with high probability, can lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. In many cases early intervention can slow down the deterioration of cognitive functions. To date, there are different interventions for MCI and AD that seek to improve the quality of life of older adults such as cognitive stimulation, emotional intelligence stimulation, psychosocial stimulation, and multicomponent stimulation. However, few interventions such as visual stimulation, proprioceptive stimulation, auditory stimulation, and multisensory stimulation, have been performed at the sensory level. Sensory stimulation programs allow fostering the development of skills and learning through the stimulation of the different senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch, and proprioception. The main objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of visual and auditory sensory intervention program to stimulate attention and memory in individuals with MCI. For this research program will be designed a battery of visual and auditory activities designed to stimulate memory and attention. A total of 40 participants will be recruited to include 20 diagnosed with MCI and 20 controls. Participants will be evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the program (4-months interval) with a series of cognitive tests for early detection of AD. It is hypothesized that individuals with MCI that have access to the visual and auditory sensory program will perform better in attention and memory than the individuals in the control group.
Presented by: Andrea Jaramillo
Institution: Universidad Surcolombiana
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CARDIORESPIRATORY ADAPTATIONS IMPROVE DURING SPRINT INTERVAL TRAINING ON STATIONARY AIR BIKE WHILE ALSO BEING TIME EFFICIENT

Mason Cervantes, Bert H. Jacobson, Masoud Moghaddam

Abstract: Sprint interval training (SIT) refers to a group of brief intermittent exercises that are performed at maximal intensity. SIT elicits cardiorespiratory adaptations similar to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). PURPOSE: To investigate the cardiorespiratory adaptations of high-volume MICT, and low-volume SIT protocols, including ultrashort-SIT (US), and short-SIT (SS), utilizing stationary air bikes. METHODS: Eighteen active females were randomly assigned to three performance groups, MICT (n=6), US (n=5), and SS (n=7) to complete the intervention 3 days a week for 4 weeks. MICT protocol included 30 minutes of cycling at 75% of maximal heart rate reserve, while the US and SS sessions consisted of 3 sets of 8 all-out intensity intervals. SS and US protocols were performed with 20 seconds of work:10 seconds of rest and 10 seconds of work:5 seconds of rest. Aerobic performance was assessed before and after via cycle ergometer. Absolute VO2max (A-VO2max) and time to exhaustion (TTE) were measured and analyzed with 2-way mixed factorial ANOVAs. Additionally, total work (TW) during 12 sessions were recorded and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in TW (MICT: 1529.3  271.4 cal., US: 687.2  118.9 cal., SS: 1125.9  89.7 cal.) between groups. All groups significantly (p < 0.05) improved A-VO2max (MICT: 2124.5  245.7 to 2425.3  443.2 ml/min, US: 2224.4  321.9 to 2451.9  406.4 ml/min, SS: 2155.7  249.4 to 2430.2  412.9 ml/min), as well as TTE (MICT: 11:30  01:11 to 12:29  01:00 min, US: 12:39  01:34 to 13:31  01:30 min, SS: 11:47  00:44 to 12:47  00:39 min). CONCLUSION: Aerobic performance (A-VO2max and TTE) similarly improved in all groups, with significant group differences in TW. Performing US at 10s:5s work-to-rest ratio improves aerobic performance while being time-efficient compared to SS and MICT groups.
Presented by: Mason Cervantes
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Applied Health Physiology
Hashtags: #Cardiorespiratory #SIT #Healthandfitness

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Solar-Powered Audio System: Utilizing Renewable Energy to Produce Efficient Audio Systems

Devan Butz

Abstract: The Solar Powered Audio System (SPAS) revolves around the concept of producing a self-sufficient piece of technology with the main energy source being derived from the sun. By utilizing renewable energy from the sun, a solar panel will be able to power the speakers inside of a helmet to achieve the goal of an independent audio system when performing outdoor activities. Many people will forgo wearing a helmet during dangerous activities such as biking, skiing, longboarding, etc, simply because they want to listen to music. This is particularly the case in younger populations (13-25 years of age). In addition, younger populations are also considered most likely to get injured due to the increased amount of risk these groups expose themselves to. SPAS adopts the practice of providing a wireless experience to the user as well as prioritize environmentally friendly methods of practice. Amorphous silicon solar panels are the key component to the SPAS due to their ability to conform to the surface that they are adhered to.
Presented by: Devan Butz
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Physics
Hashtags: #SolarEnergy #Physics #Bluetooth

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Implications for Immigrants: A Needs-Assessment of Wicomico County

Johannah Cooper and Dr. Jennifer Jewell

Abstract: In the United States, immigration is not unfamiliar, but has recently been brought to the political foreground. Historically, the U.S. was once a destination for those in search of a better life for themselves and their families. This motivation persists today, however, immigrants are increasingly settling in rural regions where there already exists a shortage of resources available for the current populations. The Eastern Shore of Maryland is one such region experiencing high rates of poverty and low accessibility of services with increased immigrant populations settling in the area due in part to employment opportunities in the seafood, agriculture and livestock industries (Sangaramoorthy & Guevara, 2017). In Wicomico County, there is a foreign born population of 8.3%, with large shared of Latinx, Haitian and Korean immigrant individuals and families (Census Bureau). In communities across the U.S. there are challenges in gaining access to health care, education and social services as a result of policies and practices in the United States. Factors that influence accessibility include cost, lack of insurance and language barriers. These hardships are also directly impacted by the current political and economic climates. This research examines existing literature on the needs and experiences of immigrants across the United States. Based on findings from the literature review and existing assessments, a needs-assessment survey has been developed and data is being collected from immigrants in Wicomico County. The survey addresses health, education and social service access for immigrants living in this region. Data collected will be distributed to local officials and organizations to address the gaps in service for immigrant residents to advocate for increased funding and programming.
Presented by: Johannah Cooper
Institution: Salisbury University School of Social Work
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Sexual Coercion Experience and Verbal Tactics Predicting College Women's Self-Esteem

Halle L. Lane and Suzanne L. Osman

Abstract: Sexual coercion is prevalent among college women and has been associated with lower self-esteem. The current study examined self-esteem based on the two verbal coercion items included in the latest version of the most popular measure of sexual victimization experience, the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss et al., 2007). One item includes verbal tactics categorized as “threats” and the other item includes verbal tactics categorized as “criticism.” Undergraduate women (n = 479) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the SES. Results showed that women who experienced “criticism” experienced lower self-esteem than those who did not experience “criticism.” “Threats” was not significantly related to women’s self-esteem. Findings support Koss et al.’ s claim that “criticism” tactics are more highly negative than “threats” tactics, and imply that self-esteem may be negatively associated with some sexually coercive verbal tactics, but not associated with others.
Presented by: Halle Lane
Institution: Salisbury University
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Organometallic MRI Contrast Agents

Melanie Staszewski, Marrissa Izykowicz, Dr. Anthony J. Rojas

Abstract: Transition metal compounds are used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents to elucidate malignant tissue. Clinically used contrast agents are based on the lanthanide metal gadolinium and are known as potential neuro- and nephrotoxins. Gadolinium’s noxious qualities necessitate the development of an alternative contrast agent with reduced toxicity that maintains effective magnetic properties for MRI. We have synthesized several contrast agents using iron(II), which is a comparatively benign transition metal, and measured their magnetic susceptibility. We report that manipulation of the surrounding ligand environment of these iron(II) compounds imparts significant control of their magnetic properties. Therefore, we believe the ability to tune these iron-based MRI contrast agents may aid medical technicians to monitor both the structure and temperature of human tissue, facilitating both diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Presented by: Melanie Staszewski, Marrissa Izykowicz
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: #mri #chemicalbiology #inorganic #peptidechemistry #SUSRC #womeninstem

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Valuing coastal recreation in Delaware using a combined travel cost and contingent behavior model

Kelsey Poisal and Dr. Sonja Kolstoe

Abstract: Delaware is known for its coastal areas for recreation, though as the state with the lowest elevation, it is highly susceptible to sea level rise (SLR) (Parsons et al., 2013). Sea-level is predicted to rise between 6.19 and 9.88 feet by 2100 along Delaware’s coast (Kopp et al., 2014). This is more than the global average of 5.09 to 8.10 feet by 2100 (Kopp et al., 2014). SLR may result in recreational visitors changing their behavior, to include no longer traveling to Delaware, In the winter of 2020-2021, a survey was used to collect both stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data. The survey included questions about recreational trip(s) to public coastal areas in Delaware (RP data) and SP questions about how trip behavior would change if coast conditions changed due to SLR (i.e. contingent behavior (CB)). Following the approach of Landry and Liu (2012) and Parsons et al. (2013), we estimate a combined travel-cost and CB model and pool data for seven zones. We pool the trips from all zones and model trip frequency using reported trips from 2019 and 2020 and under three different area reduction conditions of 25%, 50% and 75%.
Presented by: Kelsey Poisal <kpoisal1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University
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Quantifying the effects of verapamil on peripheral nerve degeneration in hyperglycemic Danio rerio

Zoe Behrman

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia is associated with peripheral nerve damage, a debilitating condition in which patients experience pain, numbness, and muscle weakness. The Clark lab has characterized a glucose-induced hyperglycemic model in larval zebrafish, which results in a DPN-like state characterized by defasciculation, myelin defects, and changes in perineurium integrity. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Through a small molecule drug screen, we are examining the effects of FDA-approved drugs to identify therapeutics with the potential to reduce symptoms in individuals afflicted with DPN. My focus is examining the FDA-approved drug verapamil and its role in reversing hyperglycemic-induced neurodegeneration as seen in patients with DPN. Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker with known anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies demonstrate verapamil’s ability to attenuate nerve degeneration following acute injury in the rat sciatic nerve transection model, but there are currently no therapeutics for patients suffering chronic nerve injuries. It is therefore hypothesized that verapamil will attenuate neurodegeneration in peripheral nerves following hypoglycemic induction. Tg(mbp:gfpcaax) larval zebrafish were incubated in 120mM glucose solution or egg water for five days beginning five days post fertilization (dpf). Treatment (verapamil) and control 2 (hyperglycemic) were incubated in glucose solution and control 1 (non-hyperglycemic) was incubated in egg-water from days 5-10dpf. From days 10-12 control 1 and 2 remained in egg water or glucose solution and the treatment received 18.35µM verapamil. On day 12, Fiji (NIH) imaging software was used to measure the length of MBP+ peripheral nerves in each group. Peripheral motor nerve length of zebrafish 12dpf was significantly shorter in control 2 in comparison to the treatment group, p<.0097****, reflecting verapamil’s potential to attenuate hyperglycemic-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further study of verapamil and its impact on hyperglycemic-nerve defects will enable identification of pharmaceutical therapies which may provide neuroprotection to patients suffering DPN.
Presented by: Zoe Behrman
Institution: Salisbury University
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Investigations into Multiple Acetyl-CoA Assimilation Pathways in a Single Organism

Aerin Rost-Nasshan, Katharina Kremer, Michael S. Carter

Abstract: Throughout evolution more efficient systems tend to be favored, which makes it notable that the bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus and Paracoccus denitrificans have two different acetyl-CoA assimilation pathways, the glyoxylate bypass (GB) and the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway (EMCP), with similar inputs and outputs. We previously observed that P. denitrificans switched between pathways at various stages of growth, indicating that the pathways are distinctly used by the organism. To investigate the distinct qualities of each pathway in multiple bacteria, I used molecular cloning strategies to fuse a fluorescent protein to a key EMCP enzyme in R. capsulatus. Using the fusion strain, I tracked the operation of the pathway across various growth stages. Acetyl-CoA assimilation overlaps with and many central metabolic pathways and with the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a bioplastic. Investigating the operation of the EMCP in PHB-producing bacteria like P. denitrificans and R. capsulatus will enable us to better understand acetyl-CoA flow through core metabolic pathways and will enable us to manipulate cellular physiology to optimize bioplastic production.
Presented by: Aerin Rost-Nasshan
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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The effects of Lavendustin-A on peripheral nerve degeneration in hyperglycemic zebrafish

Madison MacDougall

Abstract: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is characterized by the degeneration of peripheral nerves and affects over 50% of people with diabetes mellitus. Despite its high prevalence, DPN’s molecular pathways remain unknown, limiting treatment to pain management. The Clark lab has characterized two novel models of hyperglycemia in zebrafish in which DPN-like phenotypes are recapitulated; motor nerve defasciculation, decreased perineurial ensheathment, and decreased myelination are observed in both models. We are interested in exploring the unknown molecular mechanisms of this neurodegeneration by utilizing a small molecule drug screen. The FDA-characterized drug lavendustin-A, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-associated tyrosine kinase, is currently being explored. Overactivation of EGFR in hyperglycemic environments is associated with fibrosis, which inhibits regeneration in optic nerves, kidneys, and hearts. TKIs appear to reverse damage in these areas, suggesting a similar response may occur in peripheral nerves. It is therefore hypothesized that lavendustin-A will attenuate neurodegeneration in peripheral nerves following hyperglycemic onset. Tg(mbp;gfpcaax) larval zebrafish were incubated in a 120mM glucose solution (control 2 and treatment) or egg water (control 1) starting five days post-fertilization (dpf) until 10dpf. From 10-12dpf, control 1 remained in egg water + 0.5% DMSO, control 2 remained in glucose solution + 0.5% DMSO, and the treatment group remained in glucose solution + 0.5% DMSO + 65.5µM lavendusin-A. 12dpf, lateral images of the MBP+ peripheral motor nerves were taken using EVOS microscopy. Fiji (NIH) image processing software was then used to measure the length of the myelinated nerves. Nerve length in the treatment group was significantly longer than in control 2 (*p=0.025)) but no significant difference was observed in comparison to control 1 (p=0.969). This suggests a potential role of EGFR in the neurodegeneration pathway. By identifying pathways involved in DPN progression, we hope to get one step closer to finding potential therapeutics for clinical application.
Presented by: Madison MacDougall
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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Poster: 75 Years Later: Remembering What We Must Never Forget, An Experiential Field Study honoring the memory of Poland's Jewish communities during the Holocaust

75 Years Later: Remembering What We Must Never Forget, An Experiential Field Study honoring the memory of Poland's Jewish communities during the Holocaust

Nathaniel Sansom

Abstract: Situated between Germany and Russia, Poland lies at the heart of Central Europe; currently in its Third Republic, this resilient nation is no stranger to conflict. Breaking the framework set forth by traditional research of Polish history and wartime conflicts, this experiential field study intends to observe aspects of the Second World War from a uniquely Polish perspective. Combining historical analyses of pertinent events during the Holocaust period, coupled with a colloquial ethnographic study of present-day Poland, this study will also encompass informal firsthand accounts of my journey to relevant locations throughout Poland. Telling the stories of Jewish communities in Poland during the Holocaust, this research will incorporate the perspectives of Holocaust survivors while exploring the effect that the Shoah had within Poland's Jewish communities. Due to this qualitative study's non-traditional format, my quasi ethnographic journey will be written from the first-person point of view and will consist of personal stories intertwined with academic literature and data. This historical journey, coupled with modern contextual analysis, is enriched by a photo and video gallery accessible online at https://www.holocauststudy.com. These external resources will allow you, the reader, to immerse yourself in the history surrounding World War II Poland. Incorporating the personal account of Holocaust survivors through direct quotes, I will attempt to bring history to life so that the horrors and real-life ramifications of this event that changed our world may never cease to be remembered.
Presented by: Nathaniel Sansom <nsansom1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University
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How the Mind Controls Pain: The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy in Reducing Chronic Lower Back Pain

Juliana Ancalmo and Timothy J. Werner

Abstract: In the field of physical therapy, lower back pain is among the most common conditions treated. Reports from the CDC show that at any given time in America, up to 25% of the population will be experiencing back pain and it is the most common reason for workplace absence. Chronic lower back pain, pain lasting 12 weeks or longer, is less common as GU Health Policy Institute reports that 8% of Americans experience this in their lifetime. With the demand for physical therapists expected to grow in coming years, the need for a cost-effective alternative treatment for lower back pain is necessary. In recent years, psychological therapy has been researched as a potential alternative to physical therapy for treating chronic pain. However, a meta-analysis has yet to be conducted comparing the effectiveness of these two forms of treatment. We hypothesized that psychological therapy will be just as effective as physical therapy in treating chronic lower back pain. Following an Inclusion/Exclusion criteria-model, a meta-analysis was conducted on 15 experimental trials. Statistical paired t-tests compare the effectiveness between psychological therapy and physical therapy in reducing subjects pain intensity with p<0.05 set as a priori. The average treatment duration for the studies was 9.07 months ± 3.34 months. The level of pain prior to receiving treatment was not significantly different between the psychological therapy group and the physical therapy group (p = 0.685). The level of pain after receiving treatment was found to be clinically significant between the two groups (p = 0.002). From these findings, we can conclude that based on the current literature, psychological therapy appears to be more clinically significant in reducing chronic lower back pain than physical therapy. More larger, randomly controlled trials need to be conducted before extensive conclusions can be drawn regarding this topic.
Presented by: Juliana Ancalmo <jancalmo1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University, College of Health and Human Services
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The effect of phospholipids on protocell membrane stability

Eva Fermin-Cordero, Erik Croft, Alyssa Filart, Lauren Miller, KyawHsu Thway, and Eugene Williams

Abstract: Today, cell membranes are made of self-assembling bilayers of phospholipids (PLs). However, the membranes of the first, prebiotic protocells may have been different. PLs are relatively complex compared to other amphiphiles, including fatty acids (FAs). Like PLs, FAs can form self-assembling compartments but, unlike PLs, can be synthesized abiotically. Indeed, they are found in meteorites and at hydrothermal vent sites. It is believed they would have been abundant on prebiotic Earth and readily available for bilayer formation. However, vesicles made of FAs are highly sensitive to both pH and cations. These facts lead to the interesting idea that life may have arisen in freshwater rather than saltwater. PL bilayers are very stable to changes in pH and cations, and they may have arisen later in response to exposure to these variables. Our goal is to test this hypothesis by measuring the stability of fatty acid vesicles in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ with increasing proportions of incorporated PLs. We mixed FAs with PLs of equal chain lengths [stearic acid (18:0) and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (18:0/18:0 PC)] and stress-tested the resulting vesicles in high-cation solutions using both absorbance and light scattering methods. We found that increasing proportions of PLs in FA vesicles increased membrane stability in high cation environments. These findings will further our understanding of the mechanisms behind the origin of life as it pertains to protocell membrane formation and expand our knowledge of where life could have arisen.
Presented by: Lauren Miller and Erik Croft
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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Markov Chain Analysis of Candlestick Chart Patterns on Popular ETF'ss

Katelin Stella-Breeding

Abstract: Markov Chains are mathematical tools used to represent a sequence of possible future ‘events.’ More specifically, Markov Chains are used to predict probabilities of particular events that occur at various times in the future. For instance, we could use a Markov Chain to estimate the ongoing probability of owning particular stocks at a given time. The purpose of this project is to use Markov Chains to analyze data related to the Exchange Trade Funds SPY and QQQ; SPY tracks the Standard & Poor’s 500 index and QQQ tracks the Nasdaq stock exchange. In this project I will be focusing on various configurations that are of interest to investors, specifically “Candlestick Chart Patterns.” Candlesticks are a representation of the opening, closing, highest, and lowest values of a financial instrument over a chosen time interval. In the project, I will use Markov Chains to determine how often different candlestick chart patterns occur on the selected ETFs over a period of time.
Presented by: Katelin Stella-Breeding
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
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Sex ratio of Spotted turtles during breeding season on the Delmarva peninsula

Allison Sokola, Aaliyah Beam, Matthew Addicks

Abstract: The Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) is a small, semi-aquatic turtle species that favors shallow ephemeral pools for breeding and is a declining species in much of its range. Population dynamics of most Spotted Turtles populations are unknown, particularly along the Delmarva Peninsula. Although sex ratios for turtle populations are generally male-biased, populations with significantly more males than females may be at risk for decline. In this study, we sought to determine if sex ratios of Spotted Turtles vary during the early spring breeding season or by site. Using baited traps, we marked and recaptured individuals in ephemeral and permanent pools at six sites across the Delmarva Peninsula. Our findings indicate that sex ratios are male heavy during the entire breeding season, but male sex ratios peak during early May. In addition, overall sex ratios at the various sites varied such that some sites experienced almost equal amounts of males and females while others were very male biased, yet none were female biased. These results will help understand how the sex ratio of the Spotted Turtle varies over time. By understanding the temporal variability of sex ratios during the early spring breeding season, as well as by site, spotted turtle population dynamics can be better understood to create conservation efforts to reduce their range-wide decline. This work has the potential to be used in understanding other species with similar sex ratio patterns that may also be in decline.
Presented by: Allison Sokola
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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Temporal pattern of predator activity of endangered spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) habitat using camera traps

Marissa Mills, Greg Leasure

Abstract: Predation is a key factor in the decline of Spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) populations. Knowledge about the presence of predator species and when they are active can inform management for conserving turtle populations. Previous research has documented that raccoons (Procyon lotor) predate adult turtles and turtle nests. While nest predation often occurs at night when raccoons are active, adults are diurnal and little information is available to determine the extent of temporal activity overlap between turtles, raccoons, and foxes, another potential predator. Using trail cameras, we analyzed predator activity patterns and predator temporal overlap with diurnal turtle activity times. Trail cameras were set up near spotted turtle trap locations to observe predator activity. The camera trap footage was then reviewed and analyzed to see the extent of predator activity during diurnal hours and when water was warm enough for spotted turtle activity. We found that, even though predators were mostly active at night, they were also active during the day and may be more diurnally active near water (even swimming frequently) than in the interior of forests. This correlation provides insight into the plasticity of activity patterns of “mostly nocturnal” predators and reveals that they may impact spotted turtle populations.
Presented by: Gregory Leasure
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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What the Shell? Spotted Turtle Injury Rate in Relation to Canopy Cover

Emily Bilhuber, Michael Shaffner, Travis Zimmerman, Dr. Eric Liebgold and Dr. Tami Ransom

Abstract: ABSTRACT. Spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) are found throughout eastern North America in permanent and temporary bodies of water. Recently, there has been a decline in the number of individuals in populations of this species as well as population extinction due to a variety of factors including predation and climate change. Predators of turtles include raccoons, foxes, skunks, eagles and also humans (for the pet trade). The goal of this study was to determine if predator-induced injuries, such as limb or shell injuries, was related to habitat characteristics. We hypothesized that injury rates of spotted turtles, and other more common species of turtles, decreased with certain habitat variables, such as canopy cover and pond area. Some predators, such as raccoons, are more abundant and active in disturbed or edge habitats. Therefore, some spotted turtle habitats that have less trees, smaller ponds and smaller total pond area may have increased predator activity. We predicted that the lower percent of canopy cover and the smaller the pond, the higher the injury rate. This information is important to spotted turtle management because currently, spotted turtles are under review by Fish and Wildlife for protection under the Endangered Species Act and there is a severe lack of knowledge on how to focus conservation efforts.
Presented by: Emily Bilhuber, Michael Shaffner and Travis Zimmerman
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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Why Trox Rock: Species Descriptions and Taxonomic Keys to the Trox beetles in Maryland

Wilhelmina Mensah, Dana Price

Abstract: The Price Lab for Entomology is working to create a Taxonomic Guide to the Scarabaeoidea of Maryland. Currently we are conducting research on the Family Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), a group of insects often referred to as hide beetles. These beetles are ecologically important for their role in decomposition of dead animals as both larvae and adults. They are also economically important, as they are beetles often used in Forensic Entomology. We are using the scarab collection in the Price Lab, literature, and online resources to write brief species descriptions and taxonomic keys for the 18 species previously documented. We will also provide species distribution in the United States, and in Maryland (for all 23 Counties), as well as notes on their ecology, habits, feeding or host preferences, and time of year that adults are usually found. This research will provide a valuable resource for the identification of these important insects in the Mid-Atlantic Region.
Presented by: Wilhelmina Mensah
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: #biology #entomology #trogidae

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Radiant Cooling Efficiency in Small Scale Buildings

Ellen Berry

Abstract: Implementing radiant cooling into small scale buildings will be more cost effective and energy efficient than using central air conditioning systems. There is not enough research showing the effects of a radiant cooling system in small businesses or homes to convince homeowners and business owners to invest in them. By demonstrating the use and results of this radiant cooling experiment, more homeowners may be persuaded to implement radiant cooling and other energy saving practices.
Presented by: Ellen Berry
Institution: Salisbury University
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Rebuilding Community During COVID-19: Fostering Relationships through Restorative Practice

Megan Neal

Abstract: Globally, COVID-19 has devastated the lives of millions and transformed the way we interact with each other and our communities. Specifically, the shift from in person to virtual learning has considerably impacted the lives of college students. Traditionally, students used to accessing education and building relationships with their peers in person, now have to adapt to a new virtual reality. This can cause students to struggle building and maintaining their community. The purpose of this presentation is to share findings from a COVID-19 impact study which found that college students lost their sense of community and interconnection with the switch to virtual learning during the pandemic. All students currently enrolled in the Salisbury University School of Social Work and Western Kentucky University Department of Social Work received information about this online IRB-approved Qualtrics survey. Results of the study including the importance of community and interconnection will be discussed. A general discussion reviewing restorative justice will be provided. In addition, the presenter will provide specific tools to help build community while strengthening relationships through restorative practices in educational settings.
Presented by: Megan Neal
Institution: Salisbury University
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Children Memories on Details of How and Where Learning Occurred

Regan Benton, Jada Mitchell, Abigail Miano-Burkhardt, Rhyannon Bemis

Abstract: Twenty-three children, ages 4-7 years, participated in a study investigating what details children recall about how and where they learn new information over short and long delay intervals. Children were taught 3 key facts in a staged event and were asked how and where they learned them. Results indicated that older were more likely to report learning the facts in the staged event, particularly if the information was presented visually, such as from looking at the map.
Presented by: Regan Benton
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Psychology
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Poster: Materialistic Microorganisms: A Study of Six Clinically Significant Microorganisms' Length of Viability on Commonly Worn Fabrics in Hospitals

Materialistic Microorganisms: A Study of Six Clinically Significant Microorganisms' Length of Viability on Commonly Worn Fabrics in Hospitals

Shaeleigh LaCasse & Miranda Skelley

Abstract: The ease of disease transmission and the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria have elevated the concern for healthcare acquired infections in the medical field. To prevent these infections from spreading, it is crucial to determine and eliminate the optimal conditions under which they are transmitted. Fomites are inanimate objects and surfaces contaminated by microorganisms that facilitate the transfer of disease and are a common cause for the spread of infections. This study will examine the viability of six clinically significant bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on clothing. The clothing selected was cotton, spandex, silk, leather, and a cotton-polyester blend of a laboratory coat. These materials were selected because of how commonly these fabrics are worn and can become fomites in a hospital. The study used a standard concentration of each organism that would typically be manipulated in a clinical laboratory to determine how long contaminated clothing would be pathogenic, or disease-causing. Methods were carefully selected to minimize contamination from other microorganisms and to ensure all variables remain consistent between samples. Results indicate VRE is capable of the longest survival among these six organisms, and leather provides the best surface for growth. These findings suggest the need for greater precautions surrounding clothing transmission in the hospital and laboratory. Suggestions to help reduce fomite transmission include prohibiting leather bags and purses, enforcing the use of shoe covers in the lab, banning neckties, implementing more training on how to properly doff personal protective equipment and having employees demonstrate competency.
Presented by: Miranda Skelley and Shaeleigh Lacasse
Institution: Salisbury University
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Mindfulness and Quality of Life: Is Generalized Anxiety Worth Consideration?

Emaline Printz, Mentor: Dr. Karl Maier

Abstract: Generalized anxiety (GA) is defined as a hindering overabundance of anxiety and worry that is disproportionate to that of the actual expected event (Iani et al., 2019). Mindfulness (MI) is defined as “a state of intentional present-moment awareness in a non-judgmental manner” (Ong & Moore, 2020, p. 18). Quality of life (QoL) entails an “individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems . . . in relation to their goals . . . affected in a complex way by the individual's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, and [environment]” (Vahedi, 2010, p. 140). Prior research has found MI to positively influence aspects of QoL, and GA appears to negatively influence QoL in terms of overall peace of mind and physical wellbeing. However, the role of GA in potentially negating the desirable effects of MI on QoL remains unclear. We hypothesize that there is a positive relation between MI and QoL, and that GA will mediate (account for) said relationship. A final sample of 887 participants (Amazon MTurk Workers) (66.1% White or Caucasian; 61% women; age (M = 37.34, SD = 12.71, range = 18 to 78 years) completed a survey using the Qualtrics online survey platform. Average scores were 35.10 (SD = 5.96) (MI), 14.98 (SD = 6.92) (GA), 54.67 (SD = 7.79) (QoL-Physical), 49.02 (SD = 6.17) (QoL-Mental Health), and 103.68 (SD = 12.15) (QoL-Combined). I utilized multiple regression to conduct mediational analysis of the hypothesized associations. Results will guide future research and may suggest that contextual evidence and aspects of anxiety should be investigated further to narrow the extent to which GA mediates this relationship alongside the presence of other potential mediating variables.
Presented by: Emaline Printz
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Psychology
Hashtags: #mindfulness #qualityoflife #generalizedanxiety #mediation

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Integrity of the optic nerve in adult hyperglycemic zebrafish

Jessica Pierce

Abstract: he central nervous system is composed of sensory and motor nerves that collect, interpret, and respond to sensory information received from the environment. A significant component of the central nervous system is the optic nerve, which functions to relay sensory information received by the retina to the thalamus, where the information is then sent to the occipital lobe to be processed. Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) is a form of damage to the optic nerve, which results in sudden vision loss, and often presents in patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Here, we proposed using zebrafish to investigate how hyperglycemia affects the integrity of the optic nerve using a nitroreductase β-cell ablation model to induce hyperglycemia. Adult Tg(Lumiblue), Tg(mbp;gfpcaax);Tg(nbt;dsred) zebrafish are injected with 3 mg/ml of metronidazole (MTZ) (treatment) to initiate β-cell ablation, or PBS (controls). Following a 14-day recovery period, blood glucose levels of the experimental group were significantly higher compared to controls, **** p<0.0001. This is proof of concept that these fish can be rendered hyperglycemic in this manner. Current work is focused on characterizing possible regeneration of the optic nerve following optic nerve injury in hyperglycemic fish. 48-hours post-MTZ injection, fish are anesthetized and the left eye is slightly pulled out of orbit to expose the optic nerve. The optic nerve is then transected using forceps (treatment) or pulled out without transection (control). To allow for regeneration, zebrafish are placed in recovery for fourteen days, before being processed for microscopy. Future experiments running drug screens on compounds known to affect regeneration may elucidate signaling pathways in the CNS regeneration process.
Presented by: Jessica Pierce
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
Hashtags: #neurobiology

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The Psychological and Neurological Health Effects of Ambient Temperature Increases Associated with Global Warming

Jacob Nutter

Abstract: The effect that increased ambient temperature is having upon our health is a new and relatively unexplored area of research. Research on this topic is often found within results of larger or more extensively researched global warming studies. Therefore, it is rare to find literature that is singularly focused on the effects of ambient temperature on health. This literature review focuses on the neurological and psychological conditions affected by increasing temperatures. Using various keywords and advanced searching methods centered around the lexicon of temperature-related effects and the relation of those effects to global warming, I examined literature in the Web of Science, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE databases. The literature studied in this review indicates that increases in ambient temperatures have culminated into an ability for these temperature changes to play a notable role in a myriad of health conditions. Ischemic stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, suicide rates, depression, schizophrenia, and seasonal affective disorder have all been found to be exacerbated either in the frequency of diagnoses or in the intensity of the condition by increased temperatures. Global warming also seems to have a direct impact upon wet bulb temperatures and the heat island effect. These findings suggest that there are important health effects of ambient temperature associated with climate change on health. It is a scientific imperative to continue research in this relatively new area based on these findings. Future research in this area will be needed to combat the compounding influence that ambient temperature increases associated with global warming are having upon our health. Therefore, my aim in endeavoring upon this literature review is to create an outline for more seasoned researchers. This outline can guide new and developing research for the foreseeable future.
Presented by: Jacob Nutter
Institution: Salisbury University
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Fluorescence Assays of Magnesium Interactions with E.coli Cells

Samantha Schauberger

Abstract: Magnesium ion interactions are ubiquitous in cellular systems and crucial to many cellular processes. Many of these interactions are often transient as in the case of the ion atmosphere around nucleic acids, making them difficult to measure and track. Due to this property, the use of a magnesium sensitive fluorophores, HQS, was our chosen method for tracking real time changes in [Mg2+]. [Mg2+] binding to dsDNA, ATP, and buffer solutions provided a means to assess affinitive and stoichiometric properties of interactions. Additionally experiments on E Coli. cells in varying cell cycle stages were conducted under diverse conditions to mimic bodily processes. For this, temperature changes in combination with and separate to [Mg2+] titrations were used. Data often showed that fluorescence signals were strongest in solutions where there were less opportunities for binding, and higher temperatures such as control conditions.The ATP and DNA model systems exhibited strong Mg2+ binding interactions due to their increased surface area such as the double helix structure of DNA. Additionally solutions such as LB broth exhibited similar strong [Mg2+] binding interactions, due to this it was unhelpful in experiments as it masked cell signals. The E Coli cell interactions worked best with a combination of temperature, [Mg2+], and cell cycle conditions showing that bacterial interactions were more condition driven. These results indicate the potential of the HQS assay for real-time observation of cellular magnesium metabolism.
Presented by: Samantha Schauberger
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Chemistry
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Regulation of acetyl-CoA assimilation by RamB in Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003

Caitlyn Edman, Naomi Perry, Katharina Kremer, Michael S. Carter

Abstract: Organisms employ metabolic pathways to catalyze biochemical reactions in a relevant time frame. Specifically, in Rhodobacter capsulatus and Paracoccus denitrificans are two acetyl-CoA assimilation pathways, the Glyoxylate Bypass (GB) and Ethylmalonyl-CoA Pathway (EMCP). The pathways use the same substrate, acetyl-CoA, and yield effectively the same TCA cycle intermediates. Using two pathways that provide the same metabolic products to the cell is a waste of resources, so there must be a mechanism of regulation so that biomass can accumulate and resources not be depleted. The enzymes for the GB are encoded in the genome of R. capsulatus; however, the conditions when the EMCP and GB are used by R. capsulatus are unknown. To observe the conditions and regulation strategy, one pathway must be observed at a time. The expected regulator of the GB in R. capsulatus is Regulator of Acetate Metabolism B (RamB) because RamB has been observed to be a regulator of the GB in other organisms. Specifically, RamB has been observed to regulate the transcription of isocitrate lyase (icl), which encodes a key enzyme in the GB, Icl. We expect that RamB functions similarly in R. capsulatus. This research displays the R. capsulatus ramB deletion strain and observes growth of the deletion strain during growth with acetate. The purpose is to further elucidate conditions where the GB and EMCP are used by the organism.
Presented by: Caitlyn Edman
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Biological Sciences
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Structural Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Noncoding Regions

Brandon Tenaglia, Dr Joshua Sokoloski

Abstract: COVID-19, the disease responsible for the global 2020 pandemic, is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus which is a positive sense single stranded RNA virus. This viral RNA is composed of both coding and noncoding regions. Within noncoding regions, secondary and tertiary structures form that regulate viral replication and allows for binding to the host ribosome to synthesize viral proteins. The key regions of noncoding viral RNA is the 5’ and 3’ ends of the genome, specifically called the untranslated regions (UTRs) and a frame-shifting pseudoknot region. Viral RNA secondary structures were predicted and analyzed with a variety of programs including mFold, RNAfold, NUPACK and SPOT RNA, which predicts pseudoknots which are intramolecular interactions between traditional secondary structures in the RNA. Investigation of the structures of the 5’ UTR, 3’ UTR, and the frameshifting region has shown conserved structures throughout patient viral samples. The tertiary structures of the RNA were predicted with RNA Composer, which predicts the 3D shape of the RNA based on additional intramolecular forces. Examining the folding of both conserved and variable sequence regions of viral RNA and comparison to that of other known pathogenic coronaviruses reveals key trends and differences in RNA structure that may play a role in viral function.
Presented by: Brandon Tenaglia <btenaglia1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University Department of Chemistry
Hashtags: #biochemistry #covid19

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The Effects of a 11-Week Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness in Females

Ateeb Mirza, Thomas Pellinger, Joshua Nicolas, Colin Gimblet, Austin Ortlip, Jessica Walter, and Timothy Werner

Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the inconsistencies from previous investigations utilizing two resistance training models in female participants. Subject characteristics included 24 female, untrained college students aged 18-22 years that were randomized into one of three groups: control (CON) group (n = 8), high-intensity resistance exercise (HI) group (n = 8), and high-volume resistance exercise (HV) group (n = 8). Subjects randomized to resistance training groups were required to perform strength training exercises three to five days a week for 11 weeks. The exercise regimen consisted of 2-3 sets of 3-8 repetitions (80-90% of 1-repetition maximum (1 RM)) for the HI group and 3-4 sets of 10-15 repetitions (50%-70% of 1 RM) for the HV group. All subjects were instructed to continue their normal diet and avoid cardiovascular exercise during the study. Following the intervention, there was a significant increase in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (C-F PWV) (6.39±0.73 to 8.4±2.31; P< 0.05) and carotid radial (C-R) PWV (9.77±1.74 to 12.58±2.09; P < 0.05) in the CON group only. Both CON and HI groups significantly decreased central pulse pressure (cPP) (-15.3±12.4 vs. -13.11±12.0 percent change; P< 0.05), respectively. Both the HI and HV groups increased their maximum squat (36.6±7.9 vs.41.3±31.8 percent change; P < 0.05), bench press (34.4±12.6 vs. 23.4±11.1 percent change; P < 0.05), and seated row (22.0±12.6 vs. 21.9±12.5 percent change; P < 0.05), respectively. Our findings support the use of resistance training exercise without undue impact on vascular compliance in otherwise healthy, female populations.
Presented by: AteebUllah Mirza <amirza2@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of Exercise Science
Hashtags: #ArterialStiffness

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Salisbury University Speaks for the Birds- and Not Just Sea Gulls

Rose DeVito, Dr. Jeremy Corfield

Abstract: Bird species worldwide are facing an ecological crisis. Bird populations are in rapid decline mostly because of anthropogenic factors. Maryland is not exempt from this, with local species disappearing at an alarming rate. Bird habitat is lost because of agriculture and development (USFWS), leaving many birds unable to nest, reproduce, and survive. With an increase in the amount of windows in a bird’s habitat, they are more frequently colliding with these windows, which usually causes death. The human introduction of house cats to a bird’s habitat is also detrimental because they prey on birds, and reduce the success of nesting (American Bird Conservancy). A year and a half ago, with the aid of the Salisbury University Green Fund, a project was started to create a safe haven for birds on the SU campus. Currently, there are 7 songbird boxes and 5 owl boxes hung on campus and at satellite campus locations, targeting Carolina wrens, Carolina chickadees, Northern flickers, white-breasted nuthatches, screech owls, and robins. In Spring 2020, some bird activity in our boxes was witnessed, and the team hopes to see more activity in the Spring 2021 breeding season, as every box is now equipped with a Green Backyard bird camera. This year, the project has been expanded to include the city of Salisbury. Last year, the city kick-started a conservation effort for local bird species by becoming the first Maryland Bird City on the Eastern Shore. With this project, the hope is to aid the city in furthering the conservation and sustainability efforts began by their bird-city campaign. Along the 3.1 mile walking loop around City Park in Salisbury, the aim is to install up to 10 bird boxes, targeting local species such as Carolina wrens, Carolina chickadees, Northern flickers, tree swallows, and nuthatches. Furthermore, bird cameras will be installed in some of the boxes installed in order to promote public education of the problems our local bird species are currently facing. The bird cameras are accessible by any smartphone with wifi, so anybody who approaches the box can connect and see what is happening inside. The boxes with cameras will also be accompanied by decorative, educational signage presenting information on the bird crisis and local species to the public.
Presented by: Rose Devito
Institution: Salisbury University
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Somethings Got to Give! The Sensory Trade-Off in Ducks

Alyson Madigan, Ashley Pete, Jeremy Corfield

Abstract: The brain is a complex and diverse organ that has been shaped by millions of years of evolution. Although numerous studies have been conducted speculating the possible correlation between sensory region size and capabilities, few studies have considered the idea that neural tradeoffs have shaped brain structure. Neural tradeoffs occur because the brain can only be so big, therefore for a brain region to get bigger, others must get smaller. Essentially, individual brain regions must compete for their share of the brain. The dynamics of how brain regions do this, and the mechanism behind it, are not well understood in vertebrate brains. I have investigated neural tradeoffs in duck brains, a group that is diverse sensory ecology. Some duck species rely on their beak for finding food, some rely on vision, and others rely on their sense of smell for social communication. What this means is that each species dedicates more space in their brain for the sense that is most important. I have used advanced stereology techniques to quantify the size of four sensory brain regions and analyzed this data using residual analysis. The data strongly indicates there are sensory tradeoffs happening in duck brains. For example, ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) have the largest relative principal sensory nucleus (PrV, beak sensation) out of all the species examined, however, they have a very small optic tectum (vision) and olfactory bulbs (smell). Hooded mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) have a large tectum and small PrV and olfactory bulbs. Results from my study suggest that tradeoffs have played an important role in shaping avian brains and results will help us better understand evolutionary mechanisms responsible for creating diversity in form and function.
Presented by: Alyson Madigan
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: #ducks #sensorytradeoff #neuraltradeoffs #animalsciences #brainanatomy

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Habitat Assessment of the Endangered King's Hairstreak and Larval Color Polymorphism in the Common Gray Hairstreak

Connor Morningred & Brittany Grubb

Abstract: Our research will focus on two species of Lycaenidae, including the State endangered King’s Hairstreak (Satyrium kingi), and the common Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus) (Figure 1). The King’s Hairstreak is reported from lower Maryland and Delaware, southward along the Atlantic Coast to Florida. We will use current and historical sites to locate larvae and adults, as well as the King’s Hairstreak host plant, Common Sweetleaf (Symplycos tinctoria). We will conduct a habitat assessment using up to five locations, record larval and adult counts, and assess potential threats to their habitat. We will also collect adults, eggs, and larvae of the common Gray Hairstreak, in order to rear this species in the butterfly enclosure at the Salisbury Zoological Park. Larval color polychromatism will be examined to determine if the color differences in individual caterpillars stems from their food source, age, or environmental conditions. Our research will provide the first quantitative survey of the King’s Hairstreak in Maryland, and our Gray Hairstreak research will provide information about the rearing of this species, as well as potential factors affecting their larval color.
Presented by: Brittany Grubb
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Adapting to Stress: Changes in Phytochelatin Synthase Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Under Mercuric Stress

Briana Branch and Shamayim Rehman

Abstract: The organic form of mercury (MeHg) is known to be efficiently biomagnified in food webs. Mercury enters the food web through phytoplankton species like Chlamydomonas and thus bioaccumulates to higher trophic organisms. Previous studies have discovered harmful effects from toxic metals such as decrease in cell size photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll a content and ATP concentration. Phytochelatin synthase is a metal detoxification enzyme that plays a role in protecting phytoplankton under heavy metal stress. It is an enzyme that is expressed in the presence of metal ions. While other heavy metals have been implicated in the induction of this enzyme, there are few studies that focus on the effect that mercury has on the expression of phytochelatin synthase. The purpose of this study is to investigate expression of phytochelatin synthase with varying doses of mercury to assess metal effects in phytoplankton species Chlamydomonas. Transcription levels of phytochelatin synthase will be assessed isolating RNA from samples and amplifying and identifying our gene of interest using PCR. The resulting amplicons will then be visualized using gel electrophoresis. We hypothesize that phytochelatin synthase gene expression levels will be higher in cultures exposed to higher concentrations of mercury.
Presented by: Briana Branch and Shamayim Rehman
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: #environmentaltoxicology

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Probiotic Treatment Effect on Cannabis Growth

Julia Pence, Dr. Les Erickson

Abstract: Pink-Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFMs) are symbiotic bacteria that live on plant surfaces. PPFMs utilize methanol, a by-product of plant metabolism, as an energy source, and, in turn, produce and secrete growth hormones for the plant. Supplementing rice, corn, and soybean seeds with PPFMs has been shown to increase growth and crop yields(s). The aim of this study is to determine PPFMs will administer the same affect on Cannabis sativa (industrial hemp) plants. In two growing seasons, PPFMs increased both the stem diameter and plant mass in greenhouse-grown (GH) plants. The cannabidiol (THC and CBD) concentrations derived from the flowers were unchanged. In year 2, the results from field-grown (FG) plants were consistent with the positive results for year 1, but less statistically significant. Because of COVID-19 restrictions, year 2 plants were planted very late which resulted in an altered growing season. Therefore, we are currently planning year 3 experiments with an increased sample size to verify that PPFM supplementation of cannabis plants does increase stem diameter and mass yield. Industrial hemp can be used to produce a variety of industrial and consumer products, including rope, paper, clothing, biofuel, bioplastics, insulation, and concrete. Treating industrial hemp crops with PPFMs could help decrease the use of trees and petroleum oil.
Presented by: Julia Pence
Institution: Salisbury University Dept. of Biological Sciences
Hashtags: #plant #plantbiology #microbiology #environment #agriculture #hemp #cannabis #ppfm

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Risk Factors Data Analysis for Sars-Cov-2 patients in Colombia

Sebastian Romero Laguna, Dr. Enyue (Annie) Lu., Eng. Carlos Andrés Cuellar Roso

Abstract: What are the risk factors that increase the mortality of Covid-19 patients? The risk factors for this disease are important for health professionals to understand. They need to know the likelihood that a patient will die, so they can give special attention to those patients. This project will investigate the specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 patients in Colombia. We will use data analysis which include as collection, transformation, and analysis of data. We will apply machine learning techniques such as graph clustering to find the major risk factors for Covid-19 patients.
Presented by: Sebastian Romero Laguna <sromerolaguna1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University, Fundación Escuela Tecnológica de Neiva
Hashtags: #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #DataAnalysis #student #presentation #SalisburyUniversity #FET #FundaciónEscuelaTecnológicaDeNeiva #MachineLearning #Abstract #covid

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Simulation and Gaming: How to Teach Climate Change Behavioral Adaptation

Shelby C Gash

Abstract: In this decisive time, the matter of climate change is appearing on everyone’s doorstep. Knowledge of the issue is integral for long-term behavioral change that must occur with every person on the planet. Such education of this global problem has been traditional, varied, and difficult to explain in ways that motivate action and adaptation. One answer to teaching and promoting climate change is posed; using simulations and gaming to bridge the gap between climate change acknowledgment and motivated, long-term behavioral change. A selective literature review was conducted to understand the potential immediate and long-term effects of simulation/gaming for climate change education through the lens of cognitive psychology theory and game theory. There is overwhelming support for climate change simulations/ games as an educational tool through cognitive psychology and game theory mechanisms. Risk perception improves as climate change transforms from a global problem to a ‘front-door’ issue, where actions have understood and predictable consequences. Simulation/gaming also encourages constant and evolving problem-solving during play, and in turn, potentially influence real-world behaviors. Due to the unique and action-focused nature of the mediums themselves, they transform from a school lesson to an experience from which to look back on, theoretically attaining longer-term memory storage. Lastly, simulations/games offer a creative path to problem solve, ultimately impacting how people adapt and respond to climate change in the ‘real world’, in both innovative and critical ways. Simulation and gaming appear to have potential for educating about the severity of climate change, alongside the consequential necessity for continual behavioral adaptation of the individual as well as the community they reside in. The cognitive psychology mechanisms that appear to be involved in these mediums, deserve further exploration and development as this form of edutainment holds considerable promise for global climate change education.
Presented by: Shelby Gash
Institution: Department of Psychology, Salisbury University
Hashtags: # climate change #simulations/gaming #cognitive psychology #learning styles #behavior change

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Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness and Muscle Oxygen Saturation

Diane M. Kalita, Thomas K. Pellinger, Colin J. Gimblet, Morgan M. Vance, Meghan Shepherd, Austin T. Ortlip, Timothy B. Staudmyer, John J. Lamanca, and Timothy J. Werner

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effects of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on arterial stiffness (AS) and skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2). There is a void in our knowledge on the impact of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on AS in the major elastic arteries. In addition, there is a dearth of findings on the effects of creatine supplementation on SmO2 in the lower leg. Data have indicated that creatine supplementation can result in an increase in lower leg anterior compartment pressure at rest and post exercise. Although the increased pressures seen during these studies were not pathological, this and additional factors associated with creatine supplementation could possibly effect SmO2 during exercise and recovery. Methods: 20 male, physically active participants were randomized in a double-blind fashion to placebo (PL) (n=10, 22.9±3.1 yrs.) or creatine (CM) (n=10, 21.3±1.8 yrs.) groups. Subjects received 0.3 g/kg/day creatine monohydrate or placebo in gelatin capsules for 7 days. Ultrasonography of the carotid artery, applanation tonometry, submaximal exercise tests (10-minute treadmill activity at 3.7 mph and 9% incline), SmO2, and lower leg pain (analog visual scale and pain test algometer) assessments were conducted at baseline and on day 7 of the study period. Results: There were baseline differences in central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) (mean difference, 109; 95% confidence interval (CI) 105 to 113, vs. mean difference, 130; 95% CI 114 to 146, p < 0.05) between the PLA and CM groups, respectively. Following the intervention, there were no significant differences between PL and CM in arterial stiffness indices between the groups. There was a significant group effect (P<0.03) but no significant effect of supplementation (P>0.05) on the % change in SmO2 during the exercise tests (CM: pre 66.49 ± 30.54; post 59.61 ± 23.87 vs. PL: pre 39.87 ± 16.72; post 38.51 ± 26.95 % change SmO2; M ± SD). Percent fat free mass (FFM) was significantly increased (mean, 68.5±7.5%; 95% CI 62.1% to 72.9%, to mean 69.3±7.5% 95% CI 62.9% to 73.6%, P<0.05) in the CM group only. There were no other significant changes in anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: Using a randomly controlled, double-blind trial with validated measurements of AS and SmO2, acute creatine supplementation does not appear to impact vascular compliance or oxygen saturation in skeletal muscle in young, healthy males.
Presented by: Diane Kalita
Institution: Salisbury University
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Disability Erasure in Avatar

Kendall Pearl

Abstract: While professional and positive discussions about disability are becoming more frequent and activists are fighting against stigmas to better society’s relationship with disability, the media still utilizes disability as a superficial trope (If you are not familiar with these discussions, please consider Chapter 1 of Jay T. Dolmage’ Disability Rhetoric). In his book, Disability Rhetoric, Jay T. Dolmage introduces the Kill-or-Cure trope. Stories in which this trope appear contain a disabled character who must be killed or cured by the end of their story or film. “This death or cure will often seem to ‘redeem’ a protagonist – the death will be sacrificial, or the cure will be credited to the hero” (Dolmage 39). Examining the visual and auditory elements of the movie, Avatar, reveals how disability acts as a “narrative prosthesis” (Mitchell and Snyder) in the film. Jake Sully’s disability is not only one piece of his character, but also a metaphorical device used to drive the plot of the film. Avatar tells the story of Jake Sully, a paralyzed ex-marine, who is given the opportunity to inhabit an avatar when his scientist brother suddenly dies. Sully’s paralysis provides the exigency for his position as a military spy implanted among the Na’vi people. Despite this, his disability is consistently erased during the film until Jake Sully is rewarded at the end of the film with the final erasure of his disability as he is given a new body, allowing him to abandon the “broken” one he leaves behind. In this presentation, I argue that it is important to remain conscious of how disability is portrayed in media like the Avatar film because these words and images influence our own perceptions of disability. This project analyzes disability portrayal in Avatar by examining the film’s advertisements as well as film sequences and dialogue. Reading these moments against disability tropes and analysis (Mitchell and Snyder; Dolmage) reveals how the film erases the presence of disability, confirming common tropes of disability.
Presented by: Kendall Pearl
Institution: Salisbury University
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Public History Programming for Children: Early Transatlantic Trade

Kacie Cassar

Abstract: History has the opportunity to transport someone to another time, to teach others the importance of past events, to communicate to them the valuable lessons learned, and to invoke feelings about extraordinary strides the past has made. Public Historians aim to do just that through reinterpretations of the past that are created for public consumption. One outlet of their discipline is to create historical content in exciting, engaging, and accessible ways. As a public historian in training, my goal is to produce histories specifically for younger audiences. In order to heighten the entertainment factor, I will be using an additional element of fiction. While historical fiction television shows are not new, there are currently limited historical television programming resources out there for children that keep their interest, are relatable, and do not sensationalize these historical lessons. It is important to recognize that children are capable of learning valuable lessons from an early age. My show follows the premise of the Columbian Exchange: the 15th and 16th-century exchanges of goods, plants, animals, ideas, culture, and disease. The story will center around a young girl on her father’s shipping vessel exploring new places, cultures, and people through the newly founded trans-Atlantic trade routes. By placing fiction characters within accurate settings, mindsets, behaviors, and historical figures, children are able to connect the past with their present. It was found that historical fiction has the potential if done right to impact the learning of youth and ultimately result in higher levels of engagement in their historical repertoire (Howell, pg. 1). My research is to use the tools of the public historian to create my own historical fiction television series that offers children access to history lessons that are valuable, comprehensible, relatable, yet appealing to watch – making it a useable resource in their history education.
Presented by: Kacie Cassar
Institution: Salisbury University, Department of History
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Creation of a stimulation program on English auditory discrimination skills of Spanish speaking preschoolers.

Erika Maria Velasquez

Abstract: Deficiencies in auditory discrimination could be at the root of reading difficulties experienced by children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and create a stimulation program on auditory discrimination skills of Spanish speaking preschoolers to improve recognition of phonemes of a foreign language (English). This project is part of a larger research study on neuropsychological predictors involved in reading acquisition. Participants will be children between 5 and 6 years old at a public school in the city of Neiva, Colombia. There will be a treatment group and a control group. At least 30 sessions will be designed in order to improve the recognition of phonemes of a foreign language. The expected result is a higher level of development in auditory discrimination in ESL. High level of auditory discrimination enables children to improve their skills in reading in a second language early on in life, thereby making it easier to acquire a good level in English proficiency later on.
Presented by: Erika Velasquez <evelasquez3@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Hashtags: #Psychology #ForeignLanguage #AuditoryDiscrimination #Phonemes #Preschoolers #Colombia

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Humanizing Childbirth Care of Women in Situations of Violence or Substance Abuse

Maria Salome Rojas Rodriguez

Abstract: Humanized childbirth care is centered on offering comprehensive care to the pregnant woman based on a set of activities aimed at a positive experience during labor and delivery. Activities include: offering dignified and respectful treatment, addressing sociocultural, emotional, and bodily autonomy aspects, empowering women during care, and avoiding unnecessary medical and pharmacological interventions. The accompaniment of the father in the pre-partum, delivery, and postpartum process, can contribute to the success of the birth and formation of the newborn.

The World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) conducted a study on disrespect and mistreatment during childbirth care in health centers. The WHO discovered evidence health personnel were characterized by providing immoral physical and psychological treatment. Also, the WHO insists on limiting the number of cesarean sections, respecting privacy in the place of delivery, offering affective support by the health personnel, valuing the choice of companions during delivery, permitting freedom of position and mobility during labor, and avoiding the use of drugs unnecessarily. Similar to the WHO´s study, this poster aims to compare the protocol of humanized childbirth between the Colombian and American populations in a situation of substance abuse. According to Wendell (2013), it is estimated that more than 4.4% of pregnant women abuse one or more substances during pregnancy, social and environmental factors contribute significantly to the increased prevalence of substance abuse disorders.
Presented by: Maria Rojas Rodriguez
Institution: Fundacion Universitaria Navarra
Hashtags: #humanizingchildbirth

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Functional Sympatholysis: A Collection of Vasodilatory Responses that are Inhibited in Hypertensive Adults

Ryan Hughes

Abstract: During exercise, the redistribution of blood flow is made possible by a complex continuous interaction between sympathetic vasoconstriction and vasodilatory effects. The vasoconstriction effect is applied to a multitude of muscles, including the working muscle itself. The bodies complex and multifactorial approach to counteract this vasoconstriction is termed Functional Sympatholysis. This function allows the body to match the metabolic demand of the working muscle while simultaneously optimizing blood flow throughout the body. It is well known that vasoconstriction of the muscle is primarily brought on by noradrenaline (NA) binding to the α1-receptor. Conversely, there are a multitude of proposed mechanisms to explain Functional Sympatholysis. They include the binding of ATP to P2Y receptors, Nitric Oxide (NO) release, and the effect of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current presentation seeks to summarize Functional Sympatholysis and its existing mechanisms. Moreover, I will discuss the changes in the effectiveness of Functional Sympatholysis in hypertensive adults, in which its function is decreased. Since the total consequences and specific causes of its impaired function are not fully understood, a primary objective was to try to determine which mechanism might have the largest impact on the effectiveness of Functional Sympatholysis, and which one is most inhibited in hypertensive adults. An exhaustive study of the literature revealed that the binding of ATP to P2Y receptors plays a significant role. Therefore, I have concluded that this mechanism is not only extremely important in maintaining normal Functional Sympatholysis, but it is also inhibited the most in hypertensive adults.
Presented by: Ryan Hughes
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: Zoom ID: 922 4062 1526

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Poster: Design of an Augmented Reality application for the visualization and description of the Augustinian stone images of the San Agustin Archaeological Park.

Design of an Augmented Reality application for the visualization and description of the Augustinian stone images of the San Agustin Archaeological Park.

Jhon Perdomo González, Álvaro Hernan Alarcón

Abstract: Tourism in Colombia is recognized worldwide because of the country’s great natural resources and cultural richness. Nevertheless, little development of innovative applications has been made to effectively showcase the potential tourism of Colombia. This study focuses on the analysis of a mobile application using Augmented Reality (AR) to showcase the San Agustín Archaeological Park, located in the town of San Agustín, in Huila Department, Colombia. AR is an immersive type of computing that is built using layers of virtual images generated by computer. Since its appearance, AR has been used around the globe in plenty of different disciplines such as education, medicine, and engineering. One of the sectors in which AR has gained most popularity is tourism. In the tourism sector, AR serves as an effective and didactic tool to teach visitors about the historical and cultural heritage of the different tourist destinations. Furthermore, academic research has proved that AR can increase the numbers of visitors by creating more immersive and richer experiences. The San Agustín Archaeological Park contains multiple religious monuments carved by San Agustín culture and in 1995, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Every year the park receives national and international tourists. However, the park does not count with any technological tool that allows the visitors to interact in real time with the monuments. Using AR in the San Agustín Archaeological Park may help to improve the tourist experiences and promote the park.
Presented by: Jhon Perdomo González
Institution: Corporacion Universitaria del Huila "CORHUILA"
Hashtags: #AugmentedReality #Blender #3DModelling

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Mutualistic dynamics of seed dispersing bats in ecological restoration as a nature-based solution

Daniela Baron Cruz, Lizeth Fernanda Hoyos Diaz, Luis Alexander Carvajal Pinilla, Aaron Hogue

Abstract: Many fruit-eating bats are fundamental for ecosystem restoration in the tropics as they are excellent seed dispersers owing to their flight capacity and adaptations to use ecosystems with a high degree of disturbance. One ecosystem in need of restoration due to anthropogenic pressures in recent years is the sub-Andean forests located in the upper Las Ceibas River Basin, Neiva, Colombia. This ecosystem is considered unique, fragile and strategic, due to its extraordinary biodiversity and role in water regulation. This study sought to determine the adaptation strategies and key mutualisms between bats and plants in successional stages of grassland and secondary forests that facilitate the flow of goods and services of the sub-Andean forest and potentially favor the recovery of its structure, functionality, and connectivity. Bats were captured with 3 mist nets during 24 nights, at 11 sampling points for roosting sites, connectivity areas, and restoration zones. The species and feeding preference of the bats, and the effectiveness of dispersing seeds of different stages of forest succession, were determined. As a result, 20 individual bats in 4 genera were identified. Bats in the genus Sturnira were found to be highly effective at dispersing shrub species that favor the first stage of colonization of secondary forests. Bats in the genus Artibeus were found to have morphological adaptations and food preferences that favor the dispersal of endemic forest plants that act as umbrella species allowing the establishment of other forest species. These findings provide preliminary evidence that seed dispersal by bats can serve as a nature-based solution to protect and restore sub-Andean forests, providing human welfare and biodiversity benefits.
Presented by: Daniela Baron Cruz <dbaroncruz1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: #bat #nightheroes

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Importance of seed-dispersing bats in sub-Andean forest restoration and the effect of bat populations in agroforestry systems.

Lizeth Fernanda Hoyos Díaz, Daniela Barón Cruz, Luis Alexander Carvajal Pinilla, Aaron Hogue

Abstract: The sub-Andean forests are classified as ecosystems important for their contribution to water regulation and biodiversity, maintaining their structure due to inter-and intraspecific relationships. Given the significance of these ecosystems, it is important to understand different components of flora and fauna contribute to regeneration of these ecosystems when degraded. The purpose of this study was to the environmental contribution of bats that favor the connectivity of sub-Andean forests, deforested a decade ago, in the upper Las Ceibas river basin, Neiva, Colombia. Bat species were identified by capturing with 3 mist nets during 24 nights at 11 sampling points grouped according to: i) roosting areas, ii) restored areas with vegetation succession, and iii) places of connectivity with restored areas. Feeding preference was determined by collecting guano, the seeds identified to genus. As a result, 20 individuals were identified: 8 individuals of the genus Sturnira consuming fruits of shrub plants of the genera Saurauia and Piper; 7 individuals of the genus Artibeus associated with the consumption of Retrophyllum rospigliosii, a pioneer forest species key for ecosystem restoration and potential connectivity; and 5 individuals of insectivorous bats of the genera Micronycteris and Eptesicus. Based on our research, we showed that in Colombia, the contribution of bats in the sub-Andean forest is focused on being ecosystem engineers making possible the natural regeneration of the forest, which is fundamental in restoration and the elimination of ecological barriers in degraded ecosystems. Future work will continue the process of highlighting the importance of bats, by identifying their relevance and effect in agroforestry systems. In particular, we seek to identify if bats contribute to creating favorable environments for plants, allowing their growth and establishment, improving soil quality and agricultural production, considering that bats can reach places other dispersers cannot and are the most influential dispersers in the neotropics.
Presented by: Lizeth Fernanda Hoyos Diaz <lhoyosdiaz1@gulls.salisbury.edu>
Institution: Salisbury University - CORHUILA
Hashtags: #Bats #Agroforestrysystems #SubAndeanforest #Restoration #Environment #conservation #ecosystems

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Poster: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN ANTAGONISTIC GENERATIVE NEURAL NETWORK IN THE GENERATION OF AN IMAGE BANK OF PANORAMIC HUMAN DENTAL RADIOGRAPHS

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN ANTAGONISTIC GENERATIVE NEURAL NETWORK IN THE GENERATION OF AN IMAGE BANK OF PANORAMIC HUMAN DENTAL RADIOGRAPHS

Erlyn Julián Cediel Sánchez - María Camila Vivas Gasca

Abstract: From engineering, different technological tools have been proposed to support the exercise of health professionals, in such developments high volumes of medical information are analyzed and processed with which the populations that intended to benefit characterized. However, to access a person’s medical record data, it is necessary to have their permission, as it is private and confidential information, so obtaining several thousand data can become tedious, delay the investigative process or limit the results. Such is the case of several projects that have been developed in the area of Dentistry, in particular work related to the use of digital image processing algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques, in which the authors raise the need to access banks more images to improve the performance of your solutions. An alternative is the creation of realistic synthetic images through digital editing and recently through the implementation of antagonistic generative neural networks. For this reason, in this document, the performance of an Antagonistic Generative Neural Network is evaluated in the generation of an image bank of panoramic human dental radiographs from 300 real images, where the quality of the images generated from the algorithm of machine learning through the opinions and opinions of dental health professionals and opinions of dental health professionals, and persons who don’t’ have knowledge about it.
Presented by: Erlyn Cediel
Institution: University Antonio Nariño, Faculty of Mechanical, Electronic and Bimedical Engineering
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The Role of Memory Binding in Children’s Accurate Recall of Learning Events

Abigail Miano-Burkhardt, Regan Benton, Jada Mitchell

Abstract: The purpose of this research project was to investigate the relationship between memory binding and recall of learning events in children ages 4-8. Previous research has shown that skills in memory binding are related to children’s ability to recall autobiographical memories. In this study, children participated in a staged learning event followed by two interviews over short (immediate, 2-3 day) and long (3-4 week) delay intervals. In each interview, children answered dichotomous-choice questions about how and when they learned. Children then completed a memory binding task where they viewed slides showing pictures only, backgrounds only, and both pictures and backgrounds. Their hit rate and false alarm rate were calculated from this task. Results indicated no significant correlations between memory binding skills (i.e., hit rates and false alarms) and accurate recall. However, correlations were in the anticipated direction for hit rates and reports of how learning occurred over both delay intervals, rshort(10)=.49, p=.10; rlong(9)=.34, p=.31. As expected, age was positively correlated with both hit rate, r(10)=.39, p=.21, and accurate recall of how learning occurred over both delay intervals, rshort(10)=.74, p<.01; rlong(9)=.81, p<.01.Correlations involving false alarms and details of when learning occurred were often not in the anticipated direction. This was likely due to fewer children making false alarm errors or recalling details of when learning occurred, leading to restriction of range in the data. This was a preliminary study focused on a small sample of children to establish the general relationship between memory binding skills and accurate recall of learning events. Particularly for details of how learning occurred, the general trend of the data indicated such a relationship. We anticipate relationships would reach significance in a larger sample of children.
Presented by: Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
Institution: Salisbury University
Hashtags: #memorybinding #children #development #developmentalpsychology #learning #memory

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Nationalistic attitudes and the motivated denial of climate change: An experimental study

Marissa L. Schmidt, Briana J. Murray, Jenna L. Hutson, Gabrielle E. Atkinson, and Mark I. Walter, Ph.D

Abstract: Climate change has been called one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in this century (Swim, et al., 2011). Even so, many people do not believe that climate change is occurring. There exists a theoretical basis for believing that individual difference variables (e.g., a person’s degree of nationalism, patriotism, authoritarianism, etc.) are at least, in part, responsible for attitudes regarding climate change. Wolsko et al. (2016), for example, found that conservatives have greater pro-environmental attitudes when climate change was depicted in terms of loyalty, authority, purity, and patriotism. Stanley, Wilson, and Milfont (2017), in a correlational study, suggest that believing that climate change does not exist may be the result of ideologically based denial. Put simply, in order to maintain our worldview, we may deny evidence that is plainly seen by others. Building on these findings we reasoned that nationalism, “the view that America is superior and should be dominant” (Kosterman & Feshbach, 1989, p. 261), may represent a worldview that motivates denial in some situations (e.g., when their country is depicted as in danger and at risk) but not in others (e.g., when a far-off country is depicted as in danger and at risk). To this end we created two versions of an informational climate change pamphlet: one depicting climate change in America and the other in India. We examined whether attitudes and reactions toward climate change (e.g., urgency, belief, stress) were affected by which pamphlet (depicting climate change in America or India) the participant read. We hypothesized that high nationalists would feel higher levels of urgency, belief, and stress in the India condition with no difference in low nationalists. This hypothesis was supported. Discussion will focus on a motivated denial explanation. Correlations of nationalism with other variables will also be presented.
Presented by: Marissa L. Schmidt, Briana J. Murray, Jenna L. Hutson, Gabrielle E. Atkinson, and Mark I. Walter
Institution: Salisbury University
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